Youcat commented through CCC – Question n. 298 – Part II.

YOUCAT Question n. 298 - Part II. Is someone who in good conscience acts wrongly guilty in God’s sight?

(Youcat answer - repeated) No. If a person has thoroughly examined himself and arrived at a certain judgment, he must in any case follow his inner voice, even at the risk of doing something wrong.

A deepening through CCC

(CCC 1793) If - on the contrary - the ignorance is invincible, or the moral subject is not responsible for his erroneous judgment, the evil committed by the person cannot be imputed to him. It remains no less an evil, a privation, a disorder. One must therefore work to correct the errors of moral conscience. (CCC 1801) Conscience can remain in ignorance or make erroneous judgments. Such ignorance and errors are not always free of guilt.   

Reflecting and meditating 

(Youcat comment) God does not blame us for the objective harm that results from a wrong judgment of conscience, provided that we ourselves are not responsible for having a badly formed conscience. While it is quite true that ultimately one must follow one’s conscience, it must likewise be kept in mind that people have swindled, murdered, tortured, and betrayed others on the basis of what they wrongly supposed to be their conscience.

(CCC Comment)

(CCC 1794) A good and pure conscience is enlightened by true faith, for charity proceeds at the same time "from a pure heart and a good conscience and sincere faith" (1 Tim 5; cf. 3:9; 2 Tim 3; 1 Pet 3:21; Acts 24:16). The more a correct conscience prevails, the more do persons and groups turn aside from blind choice and try to be guided by objective standards of moral conduct (GS 16). (CCC 1802) The Word of God is a light for our path. We must assimilate it in faith and prayer and put it into practice. This is how moral conscience is formed. 

 
(The next question is: What is meant by a “virtue”?)